Is Tiff A Vector File

Series of image file formats

TIFF

Example of a TIFF file.
Filename extensions	.tiff, .tif
Net media type	image/tiff paradigm/tiff-fx
Type code	TIFF
Uniform Type Identifier (UTI)	public.tiff
Magic number	49 49 2A 00 or 4D 4D 00 2A
Developed by	Aldus Corporation, now Adobe Inc.
Initial release	September 12, 1986; 36 years ago  (September 12, 1986)
Latest release	TIFF 6.0 3 June 1992; 30 years ago  (1992-06-03) TIFF Supplement 2 / 22 March 2002; xx years ago  (2002-03-22)
Type of format	Image file format
Extended from	tiff
Extended to	Exif, DCF, TIFF/EP, TIFF/IT, TIFF-FX, GeoTIFF
Website	web.annal.org/web/20210108172855/https://www.adobe.io/open/standards/TIFF.html (Missing)

Tag Image File Format, abbreviated TIFF or TIF, is an epitome file format for storing raster graphics images, pop among graphic artists, the publishing industry,^[1] and photographers. TIFF is widely supported by scanning, faxing, give-and-take processing, optical character recognition, image manipulation, desktop publishing, and folio-layout applications.^[two] The format was created by the Aldus Corporation for use in desktop publishing. It published the latest version vi.0 in 1992, afterwards updated with an Adobe Systems copyright after the latter acquired Aldus in 1994. Several Aldus or Adobe technical notes have been published with small-scale extensions to the format, and several specifications have been based on TIFF 6.0, including TIFF/EP (ISO 12234-two), TIFF/It (ISO 12639),^{[3] [4] [5]} TIFF-F (RFC 2306) and TIFF-FX (RFC 3949).^[vi]

History [edit]

TIFF was created as an attempt to get desktop scanner vendors of the mid-1980s to agree on a mutual scanned image file format, in place of a multitude of proprietary formats. In the beginning, TIFF was only a binary image format (only two possible values for each pixel), considering that was all that desktop scanners could handle. As scanners became more powerful, and every bit desktop computer deejay space became more plentiful, TIFF grew to accommodate grayscale images, then colour images. Today, TIFF, along with JPEG and PNG, is a popular format for deep-color images.

The first version of the TIFF specification was published by the Aldus Corporation in the fall of 1986 later two major earlier typhoon releases. It can exist labeled as Revision 3.0. It was published after a serial of meetings with diverse scanner manufacturers and software developers. In April 1987 Revision four.0 was released and it contained mostly pocket-size enhancements. In October 1988 Revision 5.0 was released and it added back up for palette color images and LZW pinch.^[7]

TIFF is a complex format, defining many tags of which typically only a few are used in each file. This led to implementations supporting many varying subsets of the format, a situation that gave rise to the joke that TIFF stands for Thousands of Incompatible File Formats.^[8] This problem was addressed in revision 6.0^[7] of the TIFF specification (June 1992) by introducing a distinction betwixt Baseline TIFF (which all implementations were required to support) and TIFF Extensions (which are optional). Additional extensions are divers in 2 supplements to the specification, published September 1995^[9] and March 2002^[10] respectively.

Overview [edit]

A TIFF file contains one or several images, termed subfiles in the specification. The basic use-instance for having multiple subfiles is to encode a multipage telefax in a single file, simply it is as well immune to have dissimilar subfiles be different variants of the aforementioned image, for example scanned at dissimilar resolutions. Rather than being a continuous range of bytes in the file, each subfile is a data structure whose top-level entity is chosen an image file directory (IFD). Baseline TIFF readers are only required to brand employ of the first subfile, but each IFD has a field for linking to a next IFD.

The IFDs are where the tags for which TIFF is named are located. Each IFD contains 1 or several entries, each of which is identified past its tag. The tags are capricious 16-chip numbers; their symbolic names such equally ImageWidth frequently used in discussions of TIFF data exercise not appear explicitly in the file itself. Each IFD entry has an associated value, which may exist decoded based on general rules of the format, merely information technology depends on the tag what that value and then means. There may inside a single IFD exist no more than one entry with whatsoever particular tag. Some tags are for linking to the actual paradigm data, other tags specify how the image data should be interpreted, and still other tags are used for image metadata.

TIFF images are fabricated up of rectangular^[11] grids of pixels. The 2 axes of this geometry are termed horizontal (or X, or width) and vertical (or Y, or length). Horizontal and vertical resolution demand not be equal (since in a telefax they typically would not be equal). A baseline TIFF image divides the vertical range of the image into one or several strips, which are encoded (in particular: compressed) separately. Historically this served to facilitate TIFF readers (such as fax machines) with limited capacity to store uncompressed data — one strip would exist decoded and so immediately printed — but the present specification motivates it past "increased editing flexibility and efficient I/O buffering".^{[seven] : nineteen} A TIFF extension provides the alternative of tiled images, in which case both the horizontal and the vertical ranges of the epitome are decomposed into smaller units.

An example of these things, which likewise serves to requite a flavor of how tags are used in the TIFF encoding of images, is that a striped TIFF image would utilise tags 273 (StripOffsets), 278 (RowsPerStrip), and 279 (StripByteCounts). The StripOffsets point to the blocks of epitome data, the StripByteCounts say how long each of these blocks are (as stored in the file), and RowsPerStrip says how many rows of pixels there are in a strip; the latter is required even in the case of having just ane strip, in which case it but duplicates the value of tag 257 (ImageLength). A tiled TIFF image instead uses tags 322 (TileWidth), 323 (TileLength), 324 (TileOffsets), and 325 (TileByteCounts). The pixels within each strip or tile appear in row-major order, elevation to lesser and left to right.

The data for one pixel is made upward of i or several samples; for example an RGB paradigm would take one Red sample, one Green sample, and i Blue sample per pixel, whereas a greyscale or palette color image only has ane sample per pixel. TIFF allows for both additive (e.yard. RGB, RGBA) and subtractive (due east.g. CMYK) color models. TIFF does not constrain the number of samples per pixel (except that there must be plenty samples for the chosen colour model), nor does information technology constrain how many $.25 are encoded for each sample, only baseline TIFF merely requires that readers support a few combinations of color model and bit-depth of images. Support for custom sets of samples is very useful for scientific applications; 3 samples per pixel is at the low end of multispectral imaging, and hyperspectral imaging may crave hundreds of samples per pixel. TIFF supports having all samples for a pixel next to each other within a single strip/tile (PlanarConfiguration = 1) but also different samples in dissimilar strips/tiles (PlanarConfiguration = 2). The default format for a sample value is equally an unsigned integer, merely a TIFF extension allows declaring them as alternatively being signed integers or IEEE-754 floats, equally well as specify a custom range for valid sample values.

TIFF images may be uncompressed, compressed using a lossless pinch scheme, or compressed using a lossy compression scheme. The lossless LZW pinch scheme has at times been regarded as the standard compression for TIFF, just this is technically a TIFF extension, and the TIFF6 specification notes the patent situation regarding LZW. Compression schemes vary significantly in at what level they process the data: LZW acts on the stream of bytes encoding a strip or tile (without regard to sample structure, flake depth, or row width), whereas the JPEG pinch scheme both transforms the sample construction of pixels (switching to a unlike color model) and encodes pixels in 8×8 blocks rather than row by row.

Near data in TIFF files are numerical, but the format supports declaring data as rather being textual, if appropriate for a particular tag. Tags that have textual values include Artist, Copyright, DateTime, DocumentName, InkNames, and Model.

Internet Media Type [edit]

The MIME type image/tiff (defined in RFC 3302) without an awarding parameter is used for Baseline TIFF six.0 files or to indicate that it is non necessary to place a specific subset of TIFF or TIFF extensions. The optional "application" parameter (Example: Content-blazon: image/tiff; awarding=foo) is defined for image/tiff to identify a particular subset of TIFF and TIFF extensions for the encoded epitome data, if it is known. According to RFC 3302, specific TIFF subsets or TIFF extensions used in the application parameter must be published as an RFC.^[12]

MIME blazon image/tiff-fx (defined in RFC 3949 and RFC 3950) is based on TIFF 6.0 with TIFF Technical Notes TTN1 (Trees) and TTN2 (Replacement TIFF/JPEG specification). It is used for Net fax compatible with the ITU-T Recommendations for Group 3 black-and-white, grayscale and color fax.

Digital preservation [edit]

Adobe holds the copyright on the TIFF specification (aka TIFF six.0) along with the ii supplements that have been published. These documents can be institute on the Adobe TIFF Resource page.^[13] The Fax standard in RFC 3949 is based on these TIFF specifications.^[14]

TIFF files that strictly use the basic "tag sets" as defined in TIFF 6.0 forth with restricting the compression technology to the methods identified in TIFF 6.0 and are fairly tested and verified past multiple sources for all documents being created can be used for storing documents. Commonly seen problems encountered in the content and document management industry associated with the use of TIFF files ascend when the structures contain proprietary headers, are not properly documented, and/or comprise "wrappers" or other containers around the TIFF datasets, and/or include improper compression technologies, or those compression technologies are not properly implemented.

Variants of TIFF can be used within document imaging and content/document management systems using CCITT Group IV 2nd compression which supports black-and-white (bitonal, monochrome) images, amidst other pinch technologies that support color. When storage capacity and network bandwidth was a greater issue than normally seen in today's server environments, loftier-book storage scanning, documents were scanned in blackness and white (not in colour or in grayscale) to conserve storage capacity.

The inclusion of the SampleFormat tag in TIFF 6.0 allows TIFF files to handle advanced pixel information types, including integer images with more than 8 bits per aqueduct and floating point images. This tag made TIFF six.0 a viable format for scientific image processing where extended precision is required. An example would be the employ of TIFF to shop images acquired using scientific CCD cameras that provide upwardly to xvi $.25 per photosite of intensity resolution. Storing a sequence of images in a unmarried TIFF file is also possible, and is allowed nether TIFF 6.0, provided the rules for multi-page images are followed.

Details [edit]

TIFF is a flexible, adjustable file format for treatment images and information within a single file, by including the header tags (size, definition, image-data arrangement, applied paradigm compression) defining the image's geometry. A TIFF file, for case, can exist a container holding JPEG (lossy) and PackBits (lossless) compressed images. A TIFF file likewise can include a vector-based clipping path (outlines, croppings, image frames). The ability to store image data in a lossless format makes a TIFF file a useful image archive, because, unlike standard JPEG files, a TIFF file using lossless pinch (or none) may be edited and re-saved without losing image quality. This is not the example when using the TIFF as a container belongings compressed JPEG. Other TIFF options are layers and pages.

TIFF offers the selection of using LZW compression, a lossless data-compression technique for reducing a file'south size. Employ of this option was limited by patents on the LZW technique until their expiration in 2004.

The TIFF 6.0 specification consists of the following parts:^[7]

• Introduction (contains information about TIFF Administration, usage of Private fields and values, etc.)
• Office 1: Baseline TIFF
• Part 2: TIFF Extensions
• Part 3: Appendices

Office ane: Baseline TIFF [edit]

When TIFF was introduced, its extensibility provoked compatibility problems. The flexibility in encoding gave rise to the joke that TIFF stands for Thousands of Incompatible File Formats.^[8] To avoid these problems, every TIFF reader was required to read Baseline TIFF. Among other things, Baseline TIFF does not include layers, or compressed JPEG or LZW images. Baseline TIFF is formally known as TIFF half-dozen.0, Part 1: Baseline TIFF.

The following is an incomplete listing of required Baseline TIFF features:^[7]

Multiple subfiles [edit]

TIFF readers must be prepared for multiple/multi-page images (subfiles) per TIFF file, although they are non required to actually practise anything with images afterward the first one.

At that place may be more one Prototype File Directory (IFD) in a TIFF file. Each IFD defines a subfile. One utilize of subfiles is to describe related images, such equally the pages of a facsimile document. A Baseline TIFF reader is non required to read whatever IFD beyond the first one.^[7]

Strips [edit]

A baseline TIFF prototype is equanimous of 1 or more strips. A strip (or ring) is a subsection of the image composed of i or more rows. Each strip may be compressed independently of the entire image, and each begins on a byte purlieus. If the epitome height is not evenly divisible by the number of rows in the strip, the last strip may contain fewer rows. If strip definition tags are omitted, the epitome is causeless to comprise a single strip.

Compression [edit]

Baseline TIFF readers must handle the post-obit three compression schemes:^[7]

• No compression
• CCITT Grouping 3 1-Dimensional Modified Huffman RLE
• PackBits pinch - a form of run-length encoding

Prototype types [edit]

Baseline TIFF image types are: bilevel, grayscale, palette-colour, and RGB total-colour images.^[seven]

Byte gild [edit]

Every TIFF file begins with a two-byte indicator of byte society: "Ii" for little-endian (a.thousand.a. "Intel byte ordering", circa 1980)^[15] or "MM" for big-endian (a.k.a. "Motorola byte ordering", circa 1980)^[15] byte ordering. The next two-byte word contains the format version number, which has always been 42 for every version of TIFF (e.yard., TIFF v5.0 and TIFF v6.0).^[16] All two-byte words, double words, etc., in the TIFF file are assumed to exist in the indicated byte order. The TIFF vi.0 specification states that compliant TIFF readers must support both byte orders (Ii and MM); writers may use either.^[17]

Other TIFF fields [edit]

TIFF readers must be prepared to encounter and ignore individual fields not described in the TIFF specification. TIFF readers must not refuse to read a TIFF file if optional fields do not be.^[vii]

Part two: TIFF Extensions [edit]

Many TIFF readers support tags additional to those in Baseline TIFF, merely not every reader supports every extension.^{[18] [19] [20] [21]} As a consequence, Baseline TIFF features became the lowest common denominator for TIFF. Baseline TIFF features are extended in TIFF Extensions (defined in the TIFF vi.0 Function two specification) but extensions can also exist divers in private tags.

The TIFF Extensions are formally known equally TIFF half dozen.0, Part ii: TIFF Extensions. Here are some examples of TIFF extensions divers in TIFF vi.0 specification:^[7]

Compression [edit]

• CCITT T.iv bi-level encoding
• CCITT T.half dozen bi-level encoding
• LZW
• JPEG

Image types [edit]

• CMYK Images
• YCbCr Images
• HalftoneHints
• Tiled Images
• CIE L*a*b* Images

Prototype trees [edit]

A baseline TIFF file can contain a sequence of images (IFD). Typically, all the images are related merely represent different information, such as the pages of a document. In lodge to explicitly support multiple views of the same data, the SubIFD tag was introduced.^[9] This allows the images to be defined along a tree construction. Each image can have a sequence of children, each kid being itself an image. The typical usage is to provide thumbnails or several versions of an image in dissimilar colour spaces.

Tiles [edit]

A TIFF image may also exist composed of a number of tiles. All tiles in the same image have the same dimensions and may exist compressed independently of the entire paradigm, similar to strips (see above). Tiled images are part of TIFF 6.0, Role ii: TIFF Extensions, so the back up for tiled images is not required in Baseline TIFF readers.

Other extensions [edit]

According to TIFF 6.0 specification (Introduction), all TIFF files using proposed TIFF extensions that are not approved by Adobe every bit role of Baseline TIFF (typically for specialized uses of TIFF that practise non autumn inside the domain of publishing or full general graphics or movie interchange) should be either not called TIFF files or should be marked some way so that they volition not exist confused with mainstream TIFF files.

Private tags [edit]

Developers can employ for a block of "private tags" to enable them to include their ain proprietary information inside a TIFF file without causing problems for file interchange. TIFF readers are required to ignore tags that they do not recognize, and a registered programmer's individual tags are guaranteed not to disharmonism with anyone else'southward tags or with the standard prepare of tags defined in the specification. Private tags are numbered in the range 32,768 and higher.

Private tags are reserved for information meaningful simply for some system, or for experiments with a new compression scheme within TIFF. Upon request, the TIFF ambassador (currently Adobe) will allocate and register one or more private tags for an organization, to avoid possible conflicts with other organizations. Organizations and developers are discouraged from choosing their own tag numbers arbitrarily, because doing and so could cause serious compatibility issues. However, if there is little or no chance that TIFF files will escape a private environment, organizations and developers are encouraged to consider using TIFF tags in the "reusable" 65,000–65,535 range. There is no need to contact Adobe when using numbers in this range.^[7]

TIFF Compression Tag [edit]

The TIFF Tag 259 (0103₁₆) stores the information well-nigh the Pinch method. The default value is 1 = no compression.

Well-nigh TIFF writers and TIFF readers support but some TIFF compression schemes. Here are some examples of used TIFF compression schemes:

TIFF Compression Tag^{[nineteen] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29]}

Tag value	Compression scheme	Lossy/lossless	Specification	Clarification	Image types	Usage and back up
000116	None	Lossless	TIFF half dozen.0	Baseline TIFF	All	Common[30]
000216	CCITT Grouping three 1-Dimensional Modified Huffman run-length encoding (a.k.a. MH or CCITT 1D)	Lossless	TIFF 6.0	Baseline TIFF; compression based on ITU-T T.4	Black and white	Common
000316	CCITT T.4 bi-level encoding every bit specified in section four, Coding, of ITU-T Recommendation T.4 (a.k.a. CCITT Group 3 fax encoding or CCITT Group 3 2nd)	Lossless	TIFF 6.0	TIFF 6.0 Extensions; compression based on ITU-T T.four	Black and white	Common
0004sixteen	CCITT T.6 bi-level encoding every bit specified in section 2 of ITU-T Recommendation T.6 (a.k.a. CCITT Group 4 fax encoding)	Lossless	TIFF 6.0	TIFF 6.0 extensions; compression based on ITU-T T.six	Black and white	Common
000516	Lempel–Ziv–Welch	Lossless	TIFF 6.0	TIFF vi.0 Extensions; first defined in TIFF five (1988); a patented compression algorithm, but the patents expired in 2003 and 2004	All	Common[31]
000616	JPEG (obsolete 'old-style' JPEG, later superseded in Technote2)	Lossy	TIFF half-dozen.0	TIFF half dozen.0 Extensions; beginning defined in TIFF half dozen (1992); obsolete, should never exist written.	Continuous-tone	Rare
000716	JPEG ('new-style' JPEG)	Lossy	TIFF half-dozen Technote2 (1995)	Technote2 supersedes old-style JPEG compression; it is a TIFF 6.0 extension.	Continuous-tone	Uncommon
000816	Deflate (zlib), Adobe variant (official)	Lossless	TIFF Specification Supplement 2 (2002)	RFC 1950 (1996), RFC 1951 (1996), Adobe Photoshop TIFF Technical Notes; it is a TIFF half-dozen.0 extension.	All	Mutual
0009sixteen	JBIG, per ITU-T T.85	Lossless	TIFF-FX	RFC 2301 (1998), RFC 3949 (2005)	Black and white	Rare
000A16	JBIG, per ITU-T T.43	Lossless	TIFF-FX	RFC 2301 (1998), RFC 3949 (2005)	Black and white	Rare
7FFEsixteen	NeXT RLE 2-flake greyscale encoding		Proprietary			Rare
8005sixteen	PackBits (a.k.a. Macintosh RLE)	Lossless	TIFF 6.0	Baseline TIFF	All	Rare[31]
8029sixteen	ThunderScan RLE 4-bit encoding		Proprietary		Black and white	Rare
807F16	RasterPadding in continuous tone (CT) or monochrome motion picture (MP)	Lossless	TIFF/Information technology (1998, 2004)	ISO 12639		Rare
808016	RLE for line work (LW)	Lossless	TIFF/Information technology (1998, 2004)	ISO 12639		Rare
8081sixteen	RLE for high-resolution continuous-tone (HC)	Lossless	TIFF/IT (1998, 2004)	ISO 12639		Rare
8082xvi	RLE for binary line work (BL)	Lossless	TIFF/It (1998, 2004)	ISO 12639		Rare
80B2sixteen	Debunk, PKZIP variant (obsolete)	Lossless	Proprietary	According to TIFF Specification Supplement 2 it should be considered obsolete only reading is recommended	All	Uncommon
80B316	Kodak DCS		Proprietary			Rare
876516	JBIG		LibTiff		Black and white	Rare
879816	JPEG2000		Proprietary	Includes a consummate JP2 file inside a TIFF file, not recommended. Introduced by Leadtools.[32]		Uncommon
8799sixteen	Nikon NEF Compressed		Proprietary			Rare
879Bsixteen	JBIG2	Lossless, lossy	TIFF-FX Extension Ready i.0	Abandoned IETF typhoon from 2001[33]		Rare

[edit]

BigTIFF [edit]

The TIFF file formats use 32-bit offsets, which limits file size to around iv GiB. Some implementations even apply a signed 32-bit first, running into bug around two GiB. BigTIFF is a TIFF variant file format which uses 64-chip offsets and supports much larger files (up to 18 exabytes in size).^[34] The BigTIFF file format specification was implemented in 2007 in evolution releases of LibTIFF version 4.0, which was finally released as stable in December 2011. Back up for BigTIFF file formats by applications is limited.

Exif [edit]

The Exif specification^[35] builds upon TIFF. For uncompressed image data, an Exif file is direct off a TIFF file with some private tags. For JPEG compressed image information, Exif uses the JPEG File Interchange Format simply embeds a TIFF file in the APP1 segment of the file. The first IFD (termed 0th in the Exif specification) of that embedded TIFF does not comprise image information, and only houses metadata for the main image. There may even so exist a thumbnail image in that embedded TIFF, which is provided by the second IFD (termed 1st in the Exif specification). The Exif audio file format does not build upon TIFF.

Exif defines a large number of private tags for image metadata, particularly camera settings and geopositioning information, but most of those do not announced in the ordinary TIFF IFDs. Instead these reside in split up IFDs which are pointed at by private tags in the main IFD.

TIFF/It [edit]

TIFF/IT

Filename extension	.fp, .ct, .lw, .hc, .mp, .bp, .bl, .sd[12]
Internet media type	not defined[12]
Adult by	ANSI, ISO
Initial release	1993 (1993)
Latest release	TIFF/Information technology 2004; 18 years ago  (2004)
Type of format	Image file format
Extended from	TIFF 6.0
Standard	ISO 12639[three] [36] [37]

TIFF/It is used to send data for print-ready pages that take been designed on loftier-end prepress systems.^[38] The TIFF/IT specification (ISO 12639) describes a multiple-file format, which can describe a unmarried page per file prepare.^[39] TIFF/IT files are not interchangeable with common TIFF files.^{[40] [41] [42]}

The goals in developing TIFF/It were to bear forward the original IT8 magnetic-tape formats into a medium-independent version. TIFF/It is based on Adobe TIFF vi.0 specification and both extends TIFF 6, past adding additional tags, and restricts, it past limiting some tags and the values within tags. Not all valid TIFF/It images are valid TIFF 6.0 images.^[43]

TIFF/It defines paradigm-file formats for encoding color continuous-tone picture images, color line fine art images, loftier-resolution continuous-tone images, monochrome continuous-tone images, binary picture images, binary line-art images, screened data, and images of composite last pages.^[4]

At that place is no MIME type defined for TIFF/Information technology. The MIME type epitome/tiff should not be used for TIFF/IT files, because TIFF/Information technology does non conform to Baseline TIFF six.0 and the widely deployed TIFF six.0 readers cannot read TIFF/IT. The MIME blazon paradigm/tiff (divers in RFC 3302) without an application parameter is used for Baseline TIFF half-dozen.0 files or to indicate that information technology is not necessary to identify a specific subset of TIFF or TIFF extensions. The application parameter should be used with prototype/tiff to distinguish TIFF extensions or TIFF subsets. According to RFC 3302, specific TIFF subsets or TIFF extensions must exist published as an RFC. There is no such RFC for TIFF/IT. In that location is as well no program by the ISO commission that oversees TIFF/IT standard to register TIFF/IT with either a parameter to image/tiff or every bit new separate MIME type.^[12]

TIFF/It files [edit]

TIFF/IT consists of a number of different files and it cannot exist created or opened by common desktop applications.^{[12] [40] [44]} TIFF/It-P1 file sets usually consist of the following files:^{[4] [5] [45]}

• Final Page (FP)
• Continuous Tone paradigm (CT)
• Line Piece of work paradigm (LW)
• Loftier resolution Continuous-tone files (HC - optional)

TIFF/Information technology also defines the following files:^[iv]

• Monochrome continuous-tone Picture images (MP)
• Binary Picture images (BP)
• Binary Line-fine art images (BL)
• Screened Data (SD)

Some of these data types are partly compatible with the corresponding definitions in the TIFF half dozen.0 specification. The Concluding Page (FP) allows the various files needed to define a complete page to be grouped together: it provides a machinery for creating a package that includes carve up image layers (of types CT, LW, etc.) to be combined to create the final printed image. Its use is recommended but not required. There must exist at to the lowest degree 1 subfile in an FP file, but no more than one of each blazon. Information technology typically contains a CT subfile and an LW subfile.^{[4] [43] [46]}

The principal color space for this standard is CMYK, but too other color spaces and the use of ICC Profiles are supported.^[four]

TIFF/IT compression [edit]

TIFF/IT makes no provision for pinch within the file structure itself, but there are no restrictions.^[43] (For example, information technology is allowed to compress the whole file structure in a Zippo annal.)

LW files utilise a specific pinch scheme known as Run-length encoding for LW (Compression tag value is 8080_xvi). HC files also use a specific Run-length encoding for HC (Compression tag value is 8081₁₆). The TIFF/IT P1 specs do non let use of pinch within the CT file.

The post-obit is a listing of defined TIFF/IT compression schemes:^[37]

TIFF/Information technology compression schemes

File type	TIFF/IT conformance	TIFF/IT-P1 conformance	TIFF/It-P2 conformance
Terminal Folio (FP) 0th IFD field	Uncompressed (000116), Deflate (000816) or PackBits (800516)
Continuous Tone (CT)	Uncompressed (000116), JPEG (000716), Deflate (0008xvi) or RasterPadding in CT or MP (807Fxvi)	Uncompressed (000116)	Uncompressed (0001xvi), JPEG (000716), Debunk (000816)
Line Work (LW)	RLE for LW (808016)
High resolution Continuous tone (HC)	RLE for HC (808116)
Monochrome continuous-tone Picture (MP)	Uncompressed (000116), JPEG (000716), Debunk (000816) or RasterPadding in CT or MP (807F16)	Uncompressed (000116)	Uncompressed (000116), JPEG (0007xvi), Deflate (0008xvi)
Binary Moving-picture show images (BP)	Uncompressed (000116), CCITT T.6 bi-level encoding (000416), Deflate (000816)	Uncompressed (000116)	Uncompressed (000116), CCITT T.6 bi-level encoding (000416), Debunk (0008sixteen)
Binary Line fine art (BL)	RLE for BL (8082sixteen)
Screened Data (SD)	Uncompressed (000116), CCITT T.vi bi-level encoding (0004xvi), Deflate (0008sixteen)		Uncompressed (000116), CCITT T.6 bi-level encoding (000416), Deflate (0008sixteen)

TIFF/It P1 [edit]

The ISO 12639:1998 introduced TIFF/It-P1 (Profile ane) - a directly subset of the full TIFF/It standard (previously divers in ANSI IT8.8–1993). This subset was developed on the ground of the mutual realization by both the standards and the software development communities that an implementation of the full TIFF/It standard by whatever one vendor was both unlikely (because of its complexity), and unnecessary (because Profile 1 would comprehend almost applications for digital ad commitment). Almost all TIFF/IT files in digital advertisement were distributed as TIFF/IT-P1 file sets in 2001.^{[47] [48]} When people talk about TIFF/It, they usually hateful the P1 standard.^[5]

Hither are some of the restrictions on TIFF/IT-P1 (compared to TIFF/Information technology):^[46]

• Uses CMYK only (when appropriate)
• Information technology is pixel interleaved (when appropriate)
• Has a unmarried choice of image orientation
• Has a single choice of dot range
• Restricted compression methods

TIFF/IT-P1 is a simplified conformance level of TIFF/IT and it maximizes the compatibility between Color Electronic Prepress Systems (CEPS) and Desk Tiptop Publishing (DTP) worlds.^{[43] [49]} It provides a make clean interface for the proprietary CEPS formats such as the Scitex CT/LW format.

TIFF/IT P2 [edit]

Because TIFF/IT P1 had a number of limitations, an extended format was adult. The ISO 12639:2004 introduced a new extended conformance level - TIFF/IT-P2 (Contour two). TIFF/Information technology-P2 added a number of functions to TIFF/It-P1 like:^[5]

• CMYK spot colors merely (when advisable)
• Support for the compression of CT and BP data (JPEG and Deflate)
• Support for multiple LW and CT files in a single file
• Support for copydot files through a new file type called SD (Screened Information)
• There was some effort to create a possibility to concatenate FP, LW, and CT files into a single file chosen the GF (Group Final) file, but this was non divers in a draft version of ISO 12639:2004.^[37]

This format was not widely used.

Individual tags [edit]

The TIFF/IT specification preserved the TIFF possibility for developers to employ private tags. The TIFF/Information technology specification is very precise regarding how these private tags should be treated - they should exist parsed, simply ignored.^[50]

Private tags in the TIFF/Information technology-P1 specification were originally intended to provide developers with ways to add specific functionality for specific applications. Private tags tin can be used by developers (e.g., Scitex) to preserve specific printing values or other functionality. Private tags are typically labelled with tag numbers greater than or equal to 32768.

All private tags must be requested from Adobe (the TIFF ambassador) and registered.

In 1992, the DDAP (Digital Distribution of Advertising for Publication, later Digital Directions in Applications for Product) developed their requirement statement for digital ad commitment. This was presented to ANSI-accredited CGATS (Commission for Graphic Arts Technology Standards) for development of an accredited file format standard for the delivery of digital ads. CGATS reviewed their alternatives for this purpose and TIFF seemed similar the ideal candidate, except for the fact that it could not handle sure required functionalities. CGATS asked Aldus (the TIFF administrator) for a cake of their own TIFF individual tags in club to implement what eventually became TIFF/IT. For example, the ability to identify the sequence of the colors is handled by tag 34017 - the Color Sequence Tag.^[50]

TIFF/It was created to satisfy the need for a ship-independent method of encoding raster data in the IT8.1, IT8.2 and IT8.5 standards.

Standards [edit]

TIFF/It was defined in ANSI IT8.8–1993 standard in 1993 and later revised in the International Standard ISO 12639:1998 - Prepress digital data substitution – Tag epitome file format for image engineering science (TIFF/IT).^[3] The ISO standard replaces ANSI IT8.eight–1993. It specifies a media-independent means for prepress electronic data exchange.^[51]

The ISO 12639:2004 (Second edition) standard for TIFF/IT superseded the ISO 12639:1998. It was likewise afterward extended in ISO 12639:2004 / Amd. 1:2007 - Use of JBIG2-Amd2 compression in TIFF/Information technology.^[52]

Run into also [edit]

• Comparison of graphics file formats
• Libtiff, widely used open source library + utilities for reading/writing/manipulating TIFF files
• DNG
• GeoTIFF
• Paradigm file formats
• STDU Viewer
• Windows Photo Viewer
• T.37 (ITU-T recommendation)

References [edit]

1. ^ Murray, James D.; vanRyper, William (April 1996). Encyclopedia of Graphics File Formats (Second ed.). O'Reilly. ISBN1-56592-161-5 . Retrieved 2014-03-07 .
2. ^ TIFF was chosen as the native format for raster graphics in the NeXTstep operating system; this TIFF support carried over into Mac OS X.
3. ^ ^{a b c} "TIFF/It ISO/IEC 12639". ISO. 1998.
4. ^ ^{a b c d e f} "TIFF/IT for Image Engineering". The National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program at the Library of Congress. 2006-10-03.
5. ^ ^{a b c d} "The TIFF/IT file format". Retrieved 2011-02-19 .
6. ^ "File Format for Internet Fax". 2005. Retrieved 2011-02-xix . This file format specification is commonly known as TIFF for Fax eXtended (TIFF-FX).
7. ^ ^{a b c d east f chiliad h i j thousand} TIFF Revision 6.0 Final — June 3, 1992, Retrieved on 2020-06-06
8. ^ ^{a b} Trauth, Martin H. (2006). MATLAB Recipes For Earth Sciences. Springer. p. 198. ISBNiii-540-27983-0.
9. ^ ^{a b} TIFF Specification Supplement 1, Retrieved 2022-06-29
10. ^ TIFF Specification Supplement 2, Retrieved 2022-06-29
11. ^ Null prevents someone defining a TIFF extension that would introduce another kind of pixel geometry, or fifty-fifty house non-pixel-based graphics in a TIFF container, only so far at that place does not seem to have been whatsoever need for that. Hence TIFF images take a rectangular pixel geometry.
12. ^ ^{a b c d e} CIP4 (2008). "JDF Specification - Appendix H MimeType and MimeTypeVersion Attributes". Retrieved 2011-03-03 .
13. ^ "Adobe TIFF Resources page". Archived from the original on 8 January 2021. Retrieved 2022-06-29 .
14. ^ "TIFF, Revision vi.0". Digital Preservation. Library of Congress. 2014-01-08. Retrieved 2014-03-11 .
15. ^ ^{a b} David Beecher, writer of dozens of paradigm processing engines over the final thirty years. Whatever TIFF file tin can be viewed with a HEX editor to ostend this.
16. ^ Aldus/Microsoft (1988-08-08). "1) Structure". TIFF. Revision 5.0. Aldus Corporation and Microsoft Corporation. Archived from the original on 2008-12-04. Retrieved 2009-06-29 . The number 42 was chosen for its deep philosophical significance.
17. ^ Adobe Developers Association (1992-06-03). "Department 7: Boosted baseline TIFF Requirements". TIFF (PDF). Revision half dozen.0. Adobe Systems Incorporated. p. 26. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 January 2021. Retrieved 2022-06-29 . 'MM' and 'II' byte order. TIFF readers must be able to handle both byte orders. TIFF writers can practice whichever is most convenient or efficient.
18. ^ Microsoft. "You cannot preview scanned TIFF file in Windows Picture show and Fax Viewer". Retrieved 2011-02-28 .
19. ^ ^{a b} Microsoft. "You Cannot View TIFF Images Using Windows Moving-picture show and Fax Viewer". Retrieved 2011-02-28 .
20. ^ Microsoft. "Handling Microsoft Office Certificate Scanning TNEF and TIFFs in Linux". Archived from the original on 2013-04-30. Retrieved 2011-02-28 .
21. ^ ^{a b} "Almost Tagged Prototype File Format (TIFF)". Retrieved 2011-03-04 .
22. ^ "Baseline TIFF Tag Compression". Retrieved 2011-02-26 .
23. ^ "LibTIFF - TIFF half-dozen.0 Specification Coverage". Retrieved 2011-02-28 .
24. ^ "JSTOR/Harvard Object Validation Environment - TIFF Pinch Schemes". Archived from the original on January 30, 2011. Retrieved 2011-02-26 .
25. ^ "JSTOR/Harvard Object Validation Environment - JHOVE TIFF-hul Module". Archived from the original on December 10, 2010. Retrieved 2011-02-26 .
26. ^ "TIFF Fields". Retrieved 2011-02-27 .
27. ^ Library of Congress Collections. "Tags for TIFF and Related Specifications". Retrieved 2011-02-27 .
28. ^ "GIMP Documentation - Saving as TIFF". Retrieved 2011-02-27 .
29. ^ "IrfanView - History of changes". Retrieved 2011-02-27 .
30. ^ Commonly supported TIFF types tin be displayed by image viewers such as Irfanview
31. ^ ^{a b} Succeed project (2014). Recommendations for metadata and data formats for online availability and long-term preservation (PDF). p. 68. If files are actively managed in a digital repository, it is possible to consider using either LZW or ZIP lossless pinch for the TIFF files. JPEG compression should not be used within [...] TIFF. [...] Near of the respondents use uncompressed images (64%), if pinch is used and then LZW is by and large used.
32. ^ "LEADTOOLS TIFF SDK". Retrieved 2011-07-04 .
33. ^ "Draft-ietf-fax-tiff-fx-extension1-01".
34. ^ "Extending LibTiff library with back up for the new format chosen BigTIFF".
35. ^ Technical Standardization Committee on AV & IT Storage Systems and Equipment (Apr 2002). "Exchangeable Epitome File Format for Digital Still Cameras" (PDF). Version ii.two. Nippon Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association. JEITA CP-3451. Retrieved 2008-01-28 .
36. ^ "ISO 12639:2004 - Graphic engineering - Prepress digital data exchange - Tag epitome file format for image technology (TIFF/IT)". Retrieved 2011-03-03 .
37. ^ ^{a b c} ISO (2002), Draft INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 12639 - Graphic technology — Prepress digital data exchange — Tag epitome file format for image technology (TIFF/IT) - Revision of starting time edition (ISO 12639:1998) (PDF) , retrieved 2011-03-07
38. ^ "Glossary of Printing Terms - TIFF/Information technology". Retrieved 2011-03-01 .
39. ^ CIP3 application notation (PDF) , retrieved 2011-03-01
40. ^ ^{a b} Tiff/It Questions and Answers (PDF) , retrieved 2011-03-01
41. ^ Introduction to PDF/X , retrieved 2011-03-01
42. ^ "Tiff/It P1 Specifications". Retrieved 2011-03-03 . Note: TIFF/IT-P1 is not equivalent to a Photoshop® Tiff!
43. ^ ^{a b c d} DDAP, TIFF/IT-P1, PDF-10/1 (PDF), 1998, archived from the original (PDF) on February 15, 2006, retrieved 2011-03-01
44. ^ DDAP Association (2003). "TIFF/It Implementers". Archived from the original on April 25, 2005. Retrieved 2011-03-03 . {{cite spider web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
45. ^ Harlequin RIP - transmission for a commercial TIFF/IT plugin (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on February 20, 2011, retrieved 2011-03-02
46. ^ ^{a b} A software manual with information about TIFF/IT (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on September 20, 2011
47. ^ DDAP Position Argument - TIFF/IT equally a File Format for Commitment of Digital Advertising - October, 2001, October 2001, archived from the original on 2004-01-11, retrieved 2011-03-03
48. ^ DDAP Position Statement - TIFF/Information technology equally a File Format for Delivery of Digital Advertizement - October, 2001 (PDF), October 2001, archived from the original on March 21, 2003, retrieved 2011-03-03 {{citation}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
49. ^ "TIFF/It-P1". Retrieved 2011-03-01 .
50. ^ ^{a b} DDAP Association (2002). "TIFF/IT Private Tags". Archived from the original on April 28, 2003. Retrieved 2011-03-03 . {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
51. ^ "Glossary of Printing Terms - TIFF/It-P1". Retrieved 2011-03-01 .
52. ^ 14:00-17:00. "ISO 12639:2004". ISO . Retrieved 2020-04-nineteen . {{cite spider web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

External links [edit]

• Adobe TIFF Resources page: Adobe links to the specification and main TIFF resource
• LibTIFF Home Page: Widely used library used for reading and writing TIFF files as well as TIFF file processing command line tools
• TIFF File Format FAQ and TIFF Tag Reference: Everything you ever wanted to know about the TIFF File Format merely were afraid to ask
• TIFF description at Digital Preservation (The Library of Congress)
• TIFF Revision 4.0: Specification for revision 4.0, in HTML (warning: for historical purposes just, the TIFF half-dozen.0 spec contains the full 4.0 revision)
• TIFF Revision 5.0: Specification for revision 5.0, in HTML (warning: for historical purposes only, the TIFF 6.0 spec contains the full 5.0 revision)
• TIFF Revision 6.0: Specification for revision 6.0, in PDF (warning: there is an outdated and flawed section (jpeg compression), corrected in supplements, and there are additions to this PDF too – for the full specification, see the Adobe TIFF Resources page
• RFC 3302 - epitome/tiff, RFC 3949 and RFC 3950 - image/tiff-fx, RFC 2306 - Tag Image File Format (TIFF) - F Contour for Facsimile, RFC 1314 - legacy exchange of images in the Internet.
• Code Tiff Tag Reader - Easy readable code of a TIFF tag reader in Mathworks Matlab (Tiff 5.0/6.0)
• AlternaTIFF - Free in-browser TIFF viewer
• eiStream Annotation (likewise known as Wang or Kodak Annotation). Developed by eiStream.
  • "eiStream Annotation Specification, Version 1.00.06". Archived from the original on 2003-01-24. Retrieved 2013-05-14 .
• ADEO Imaging Annotation
  • "Multi-Page TIFF Editor - History of changes - TIFF tags". Retrieved 2013-05-xiv .

Is Tiff A Vector File,

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIFF

Posted by: perrybeephe1978.blogspot.com

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